What is a Chemical Peel?

A chemical peel is a cosmetic treatment where a chemical solution is applied to the skin to remove its outer layers. As the skin regenerates, it appears smoother and more even. Multiple sessions may be needed to achieve optimal results.

Chemical peels are commonly used to address wrinkles, uneven skin tone, and scarring, most often on the face. They can be performed alone or alongside other cosmetic procedures. The effects and recovery time can vary depending on the specific treatment.

Why It’s Done

A chemical peel is a skin-resurfacing treatment chosen based on the specific skin concerns being addressed. It can help with fine lines, acne, uneven skin tone, dryness, scars, or precancerous growths.

It’s important to note that chemical peels cannot remove very deep scars or wrinkles, nor can they tighten sagging skin.

Risks

Chemical peels carry some potential side effects, including:

• Redness, swelling, and scabbing: Redness is a normal part of healing and may last for some time after treatment.
• Scarring: Though rare, chemical peels can cause scarring. Treatments such as topical antibiotics or steroid creams may help reduce their appearance.
• Changes in skin color: Peels can cause the skin to become darker (hyperpigmentation) or lighter (hypopigmentation) than usual. These effects are more frequent in people with darker skin and may sometimes be permanent.
• Infection: Bacterial, fungal, or viral infections are possible, including cold sore flare-ups.
• Heart, kidney, or liver effects: Certain chemical solutions can have systemic effects if absorbed, so treatments are carefully controlled.

Chemical peels may not be suitable for everyone. A doctor may advise against treatment if you:

• Have taken oral acne medications recently
• Have a personal or family history of keloid scarring
• Are pregnant
• Experience frequent or severe cold sores

How to Prepare

Choosing a qualified professional is essential. A dermatologist or skin specialist experienced in chemical peels can help ensure the best results and minimise the risk of complications.

Before your peel, your provider will likely:

• Review your medical history: Be ready to discuss past and current medical conditions, medications, and any previous cosmetic procedures.
• Perform a physical exam: Your skin will be assessed to determine the most suitable treatment and how factors like skin tone and thickness may influence your results.
• Discuss expectations: Talk about your goals, realistic outcomes, potential risks, number of treatments needed, and expected recovery time.

Additional preparation steps may include:

• Antiviral medication: To prevent viral infections such as cold sores.
• Topical creams: Retinoid or bleaching creams may be recommended to improve results and reduce side effects.
• Sun protection: Avoid unprotected sun exposure to reduce the risk of uneven pigmentation.
• Avoid certain cosmetic treatments: Stop hair removal, chemical hair treatments, facial masks, or scrubs about a week before your peel. Avoid shaving the treatment area for 24 hours prior.
• Arrange transportation: If sedation is used, organise a ride home for safety.

What to Expect During a Chemical Peel

Before the Procedure
Chemical peels are typically performed in a clinic or outpatient facility. The skin is cleaned, hair is protected, and the eyes are covered with ointment, gauze, tape, or protective goggles. Pain relief or sedation may be given depending on the treatment.

During the Procedure
The chemical solution is applied to the skin, which may start to whiten as it takes effect. You may feel stinging or burning during the application. In some cases, cool compresses or fans are used to soothe the area. The solution may be neutralized or washed off once the treatment is complete.

Risks of Chemical Peels

Chemical peels are generally safe when performed by a qualified professional, but like any cosmetic procedure, they carry some potential risks and side effects, including:

1. Redness and Irritation – Temporary redness, stinging, or burning sensations are common immediately after the peel.
2. Swelling – Mild swelling may occur, especially with deeper peels.
3. Peeling and Flaking – The treated skin will peel or flake as part of the normal healing process.
4. Changes in Skin Color – There may be temporary or permanent hyperpigmentation (darkening) or hypopigmentation (lightening) of the skin, particularly in people with darker skin tones.
5. Scarring – Though rare, deeper peels can cause scarring if the skin does not heal properly.
6. Infection – Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections are possible, especially if post-treatment care instructions aren’t followed.
7. Sensitivity to Sun – The skin becomes more sensitive to sunlight after a chemical peel, increasing the risk of sunburn and requiring strict sun protection.
8. Allergic Reactions – Some individuals may react to the chemicals used in the peel.

Most side effects are temporary and resolve with proper aftercare. Your practitioner will assess your skin type and medical history to minimise risks and recommend the most appropriate type of peel.

After Your Chemical Peel

After treatment, it’s normal for your skin to feel red, tight, swollen, or irritated. Following proper aftercare is essential—protect your skin from the sun, keep it clean and moisturised, and use any soothing ointments recommended. Avoid picking, rubbing, or scratching, as this can affect healing. Full results may take several months to appear.

Treated skin may temporarily appear lighter or darker than normal. Over-the-counter pain relief or cold compresses can help with discomfort. Follow-up appointments are often scheduled to monitor recovery.

Results

Chemical peels improve skin texture, tone, and the appearance of fine lines or scars. Results become more noticeable with repeated treatments, though they aren’t permanent—natural ageing and sun exposure can cause wrinkles and changes in skin tone over time.

After any peel, the new skin is more sensitive to sunlight, so daily sun protection is essential to maintain results.